Listed buildings have special architectural or historic interest, and are legally protected. There are 3 categories of listed buildings:
- Grade I – buildings of exceptional interest (about 2.5% of listed buildings)
- Grade II* – particularly important buildings of more than special interest (about 5.8% of listed buildings)
- Grade II – buildings of special interest (about 91.7% of listed buildings)
Listed buildings can also include other structures, like post boxes, gravestones and sculptures.
National Heritage List for England
The National Heritage List for England is the official register of listed buildings.
Each listed building has a list description. These are often short and only include its location and overall appearance. Whether a list description is long or short, the whole of the listed building (interior and exterior) is protected. Find out more about list descriptions.
Curtilage listed buildings
Buildings or structures within the grounds of a listed building that pre-date July 1948, must be treated as part of the listed building. Altering or demolishing these structures may need listed building consent. Carrying out works without consent where needed is a criminal offence.
The 3 key factors for assessing if a building or structure is within the curtilage of a listed building are:
- Physical layout of the listed building and structure
- Ownership, both historically and at the date of listing
- Use or function of the relevant buildings, both historically and at the date of listing
For more information, visit Historic England – Listed buildings and curtilage.
If you’re unsure if a building or structure is within the curtilage of a listed building, you’re advised to seek independent advice from a Heritage Advisor.
Listed building consent
Listed building consent is needed for any work that alters, extends or demolishes a listed building and affects its character. This applies to all parts of the building, including the interior. You may also need listed building consent for buildings on your land (see curtilage listed buildings).
If you’re unsure if you need consent, you should seek independent advice from a Heritage Advisor.
Pre-application advice can also help outline what might be acceptable, and save time and money.
Carrying out unauthorised work on a listed building is a criminal offence, and individuals can be prosecuted. The council can require that any work carried out without consent be reversed. It can also be hard to sell a property which has not been granted listed building consent for work carried out.
For more information on submitting a planning application for listed building consent, see our planning application guidance page or visit the Planning Portal.